Mechanical Properties of solids NCERT Solutions Class 11 Physics - Solved Exercise Question 9.7

Question 9.7:

Four identical hollow cylindrical columns of mild steel support a big structure of mass 50,000 kg. The inner and outer radii of each column are 30 cm and 60 cm respectively. Assuming the load distribution to be uniform, calculate the compressional strain of each column.

Solution:

Mass of the big structure, M = 50,000 kg
Inner radius of the column, r = 30 cm = 0.3 m
Outer radius of the column, R = 60 cm = 0.6 m
Young’s modulus of steel, Y = 2 × 10¹¹ Pa
Total force exerted, F = Mg = 50000 × 9.8 N
Stress = Force exerted on a single column = 50000 X 9.8 / 4  =  122500 N
Young’s modulus, Y = Stress / Strain
Strain = (F/A) / Y
Where,
Area, A = π (R² – r²) = π ((0.6)² – (0.3)²)
Strain = 122500 / [ π ((0.6)² – (0.3)²) X 2 X 10¹¹ ]  =  7.22 X 10^-7
Hence, the compressional strain of each column is 7.22 × 10^–7.