Question 6.18:
Mass of the bob = m
Energy dissipated = 5%
According to the law of conservation of energy, the total energy of the system remains constant.
At the horizontal position:
Potential energy of the bob, EP = mgl
Kinetic energy of the bob, EK = 0
Total energy = mgl … (i)
At the lowermost point (mean position):
Potential energy of the bob, EP = 0
Kinetic energy of the bob, EK = (1/2)mv2
Total energy Ex = (1/2)mv2 ....(ii)
As the bob moves from the horizontal position to the lowermost point, 5% of its energy gets dissipated.
The total energy at the lowermost point is equal to 95% of the total energy at the horizontal point, i.e.,
(1/2)mv2 = (95/100) mgl
∴ v = (2 X 95 X 1.5 X 9.8 / 100)1/2
= 5.28 m/s
The bob of
a pendulum is released from a horizontal position. If the length of
the pendulum is 1.5 m, what is the speed with which the bob arrives
at the lowermost point, given that it dissipated 5% of its initial
energy against air resistance?
Solution:
Length of
the pendulum, l = 1.5 mMass of the bob = m
Energy dissipated = 5%
According to the law of conservation of energy, the total energy of the system remains constant.
At the horizontal position:
Potential energy of the bob, EP = mgl
Kinetic energy of the bob, EK = 0
Total energy = mgl … (i)
At the lowermost point (mean position):
Potential energy of the bob, EP = 0
Kinetic energy of the bob, EK = (1/2)mv2
Total energy Ex = (1/2)mv2 ....(ii)
As the bob moves from the horizontal position to the lowermost point, 5% of its energy gets dissipated.
The total energy at the lowermost point is equal to 95% of the total energy at the horizontal point, i.e.,
(1/2)mv2 = (95/100) mgl
∴ v = (2 X 95 X 1.5 X 9.8 / 100)1/2
= 5.28 m/s
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